Membership in The Apache Software Foundation is a privilege and is by invitation only. Candidates for membership are proposed by existing members, and voted upon by the existing membership. Since the Foundation is a meritocracy, meaning that contributions and skills are the factors used to judge worthiness, candidates are expected to have proven themselves by contributing to one or more of the Foundation's projects.
The details of the process by which someone may become a member of The Apache Software Foundation are described in Section 4.1 of the Foundation's bylaws.
The following tables show current and emeritus members.
A list of all committers (including members) and their projects/SVN trees is also available.
Members of The Apache Software Foundation
| Id | Name | Projects |
|---|---|---|
| erikabele | Erik Abele | HttpComponents , httpd , httpd-docs , incubator , infrastructure |
| samisa | Samisa Abeysinghe | Axis2/C , Axis C++ , Axis2 |
| aadamchik | Andrei Adamchik | |
| rahul | Rahul Akolkar | |
| gregames | Greg Ames | httpd , APR |
| jta | Jean T. Anderson | Derby |
| cezar | Cezar Cristian Andrei | XMLBeans , VXQuery |
| danny | Danny Angus | James , Jakarta |
| assaf | Assaf Arkin | |
| carnold | Curt Arnold | |
| azeez | Mohamed Afkham Azeez | |
| sbailliez | Stephane Bailliez | |
| aaron | Aaron Bannert | httpd , APR , PHP , commons , incubator , flood , infrastructure |
| billbarker | William Barker | |
| sebb | Sebastian Bazley | JMeter , HttpComponents , Commons |
| cbegin | Clinton Begin | |
| brianb | Brian Behlendorf | |
| mvdb | Martin van den Bemt | Jakarta , Db DDLUtils , Gump |
| mbenson | Matt Benson | |
| noel | Noel J. Bergman | ApacheCon , incubator , infrastructure , James |
| dbertoni | David Bertoni | |
| ndbeyer | Nathan Beyer | |
| ab | Andrzej Bialecki | |
| dblevins | David Blevins | |
| tripod | Tobias Bocanegra | Jackrabbit |
| bodewig | Stefan Bodewig | Ant , Gump , Jakarta |
| bommel | Bernd Bohmann | MyFaces |
| boisvert | Alex Boisvert | |
| ieb | Ian Boston | Sling, Shindig |
| ebourg | Emmanuel Bourg | |
| hboutemy | Hervé Boutemy | Maven |
| rbowen | Rich Bowen | httpd , httpd-docs , ApacheCon |
| mrdon | Don Brown | Struts , Jakarta |
| maxb | Max Oliver Bowsher | |
| gbrown | Gregory K. Brown | |
| nbubna | Nathan Bubna | |
| pburba | Paul Burba | |
| nick | Nick Burch | |
| buschmi | Michael Busch | |
| sbutler | Stephen O'Neil Butler | |
| adc | Alan D. Cabrera | |
| arje | Arjé Cahn | Portals , Cocoon , Jackrabbit , Wicket |
| caijunj | Jun Jie Cai | |
| jacopoc | Jacopo Cappellato | OFBiz |
| jcarman | James W. Carman | |
| jdcasey | John Casey | |
| ugo | Ugo Cei | Cocoon , POI |
| gozer | Philippe M. Chiasson | mod_perl , modperl-docs |
| oching | Maria Odea B. Ching | |
| chinthaka | Eran Chinthaka | Axis2 , Axiom , Neethi |
| chirino | Hiram Chirino | |
| jan | Jan Lehnardt | CouchDB |
| jfclere | Jean-Frederic Clere | |
| coar | Ken Coar | ApacheCon , APR , board , commons , fund-raising , httpd , httpd-docs , incubator , PHP |
| scolebourne | Stephen Colebourne | |
| sussman | Ben Collins-Sussman | |
| danese | Danese Cooper | |
| martinc | Martin Cooper | Jakarta , Struts |
| covener | Eric Covener | |
| mjc | Mark Cox | httpd |
| adrianocrestani | Adriano Crestani Campos | |
| crichton | Dan Crichton | |
| crossley | David Crossley | Cocoon , Forrest , xml-commons |
| curcuru | Shane Curcuru | xalan , xml-commons |
| tcurdt | Torsten Curdt | Cocoon, Commons, Jakarta |
| ccustine | Chris Custine | ServiceMix , Karaf , Felix , Directory Server |
| cutting | Doug Cutting | |
| nigel | Nigel Daley | |
| gdaniels | Glen Daniels | Axis |
| dashorst | Martijn Dashorst | |
| davisp | Paul Joseph Davis | |
| sdeboy | Scott Deboy | |
| djd | Daniel Debrunner | |
| bdelacretaz | Bertrand Delacrétaz | Cocoon , FOP |
| jsdelfino | Jean-Sebastien Delfino | Tuscany , Nuvem |
| rfeng | Raymond Feng (aka. Zhaohui Feng) | Tuscany, Wink, Nuvem |
| rdonkin | Robert Burrell Donkin | Jakarta , JaxMe , James , Incubator , Legal , Infrastructure , Commons |
| cdouglas | Chris Douglas | |
| ate | Ate Douma | Portals , WSRP4J , Wicket |
| isabel | Isabel Drost | |
| tdunning | Ted Dunning | |
| tomdz | Thomas Dudziak | |
| bruno | Bruno Dumon | |
| grahamd | Graham Dumpleton | |
| mduerig | Michael Dürig | Jackrabbit, Chemistry, Sling |
| bryanduxbury | Bryan Duxbury | |
| seade | Scott Eade | DB , Jakarta , Turbine |
| lars | Lars Eilebrecht | httpd , httpd-docs , ApacheCon , fund-raising |
| antelder | Ant Elder | |
| mnour | Mohammad Nour El-Din | |
| jbellis | Jonathan Ellis | |
| tellison | Tim Ellison | |
| gerdogdu | Gurkan Erdogdu | OpenWebBeans |
| jerenkrantz | Justin Erenkrantz | httpd , APR , commons , prc , infrastructure |
| danielf | Daniel Fagerstrom | |
| farra | J. Aaron Farr | |
| ruchithf | Ruchith Fernando | |
| senaka | Senaka Fernando | Axis , Stonehenge , Web Services |
| fielding | Roy T. Fielding | httpd , APR , board , fund-raising , incubator |
| tfischer | Thomas Fischer | |
| wave | Dave Fisher | poi , incubator |
| fitz | Brian W. Fitzpatrick | APR , commons , incubator |
| rony | Rony G. Flatscher | Jakarta |
| julianfoad | Julian Foad | |
| kfogel | Karl Fogel | |
| berndf | Bernd Fondermann | |
| brianf | Brian Fox | |
| mfranklin | Matt Franklin | Rave, Incubator |
| pzf | Paul Fremantle | |
| rfrovarp | Richard Frovarp | |
| sgala | Santiago Gala | Jakarta , ws-wsrp4j |
| igalic | Igor Galić | |
| jgallacher | Jim Gallacher | |
| antonio | Antonio Gallardo Rivera | Cocoon , Forrest , Lenya |
| rgardler | Ross Gardler | Cocoon , Forrest |
| gates | Alan Gates | |
| gawor | Jarek Gawor | |
| manolito | Manfred Geiler | MyFaces |
| chrisg | Christian Geisert | XML Graphics , FOP |
| jgenender | Jeff Genender | |
| simoneg | Simone Gianni | |
| rgielen | René Gielen | |
| wglass | William Glass-Husain | |
| glasser | David Samuel Glasser | |
| mrglavas | Michael Glavassevich | Xerces-J , XML Commons |
| rgoers | Ralph Goers | Cocoon , Commons , Excalibur , Logging , Maven , Portals |
| sgoeschl | Siegfried Goeschl | |
| pgollucci | Philip M. Gollucci | mod_perl , httpd-apreq ,httpd-test, apr, infrastructure |
| hgomez | Henri Gomez ** | |
| otis | Otis Gospodnetic | |
| neilg | Neil Graham | |
| ggregory | Gary Gregory | |
| vgritsenko | Vadim Gritsenko | Cocoon , Regexp , Xindice |
| grobmeier | Christian Grobmeier | |
| lgo | Lieven Govaerts | |
| jgray | Jonathan Gray | |
| stefan | Stefan Guggisberg | Jackrabbit |
| ceki | Ceki Gülcü | Jakarta , log4j |
| dirkx | Dirk-Willem van Gulik | httpd , XML |
| ngn | Niklas Gustavsson | MINA |
| rickhall | Richard Hall | |
| hammant | Paul Hammant | |
| fhanik | Filip Hanik | |
| perrin | Perrin Harkins | mod_perl |
| ehatcher | Erik Hatcher | Ant , jakarta-lucene , jakarta-lucene-sandbox |
| bjh | Brian Havard | httpd , APR |
| yoshiki | Yoshiki Hayashi | httpd-docs |
| niclas | Niclas Hedhman | |
| zwoop | Leif Hedstrom | |
| oheger | Oliver Heger | |
| aheritier | Arnaud Héritier | Maven, Archiva |
| rhillegas | Rick Hillegas | Derby |
| hindessm | Mark Hindess | |
| rhirsch | Richard Hirsch | ESME, Incubator |
| hogstrom | Matt Hogstrom | |
| ianh | Ian Holsman | httpd , APR |
| horwat | Justyna Horwat | Jakarta , colo-keys |
| hossman | Chris Hostetter | Lucene : Java , Solr |
| ghudson | Greg Hudson | |
| hughesj | Jeremy Hughes | |
| rhuijben | Bert Huijben | Subversion |
| marvin | Marvin Humphrey | Lucy, Incubator |
| phunt | Patrick D. Hunt | |
| jhunter | Jason Hunter | Jakarta , JCP |
| gsingers | Grant Ingersoll | Lucene : Java , Mahout , Solr |
| ajack | Adam Jack | |
| kevj | Kevin Jackson | |
| nandika | Korale Gamaralalage Nandika Chandrasiri Jayawardana | |
| jim | Jim Jagielski | httpd , APR , ApacheCon , fund-raising , board , httpd-docs , licensing , mod_python ; incubator |
| jalkanen | Janne Jalkanen | |
| deepal | Deepal Jayasinghe | |
| djencks | David Jencks | |
| ningjiang | Willem Ning Jiang | |
| snoopdave | Dave Johnson | |
| jonesde | David E. Jones | |
| tomj | Tom Jordahl | Axis |
| rjung | Rainer Jung | httpd , APR , Tomcat |
| olegk | Oleg Kalnichevski | |
| ningjiang | Willem Ning Jiang | |
| supun | Supun Kamburugamuva | |
| akarasulu | Alex Karasulu | directory ; excalibur ; jakarta |
| manoj | Manoj Kasichainula | httpd |
| damien | Damien F. Katz | |
| kelly | Sean Kelly | |
| niq | Nick Kew | APR ; httpd |
| sk | Sally Khudairi | |
| mkienenb | Mike Kienenberger | Cayenne ; MyFaces |
| skitching | Simon Kitching | |
| fuankg | Guenter Knauf | |
| serge | Serge Knystautas | James ; commons ; infrastructure |
| ed | Ed Korthof | httpd ; JServ |
| gkossakowski | Grzegorz Kossakowski | |
| yegor | Yegor Kozlov | |
| martin | Martin Kraemer | httpd ; PHP |
| kkrugler | Kenneth William Krugler | |
| dkulp | J. Daniel Kulp | CXF ; Maven ; ServiceMix |
| damitha | Damitha N.M. Kumarage | |
| olamy | Olivier Lamy | Maven ; Continuum |
| jlaskowski | Jacek Laskowski | |
| ben | Ben Laurie | httpd ; ApacheCon |
| blautenb | Berin Lautenbach | XML ; incubator |
| slaws | Simon Laws | |
| elecharny | Emmanuel Lécharny | Directory ; Mina |
| trustin | Trustin Lee | |
| minfrin | Graham Leggett | httpd apr |
| lehmi | Andreas Lehmkühler | PDFBox |
| nlehuen | Nicolas Lehuen | |
| rasmus | Rasmus Lerdorf | PHP ; httpd |
| vanto | Tammo van Lessen | ODE |
| twl | Theodore W. Leung | XML ; ws ; incubator |
| antoine | Antoine Levy-Lambert | |
| hlship | Howard M. Lewis Ship | |
| xli | Xiao-Feng Li | |
| lindner | Paul Lindner | |
| ruwan | Ruwan Linton | Synapse ; Axis ; Web Services ; Incubator |
| ridruejo | Daniel López Ridruejo | httpd ; tcl |
| bloritsch | Berin Loritsch | Cocoon ; XML ; Jakarta ; Avalon |
| stevel | Steve Loughran | Ant ; Axis |
| dennisl | Dennis Lundberg | |
| raphael | Raphaël Luta | |
| lvjing | Jing Lv | |
| colm | Colm MacCárthaigh | |
| conor | Conor MacNeill | Ant ; Jakarta |
| geirm | Geir Magnusson Jr. | Jakarta |
| luc | Luc Maisonobe | commons |
| nd | André L. Malo | httpd ; httpd-docs |
| amaniatis | Aristedes Maniatis | Cayenne |
| costin | Doru Costin Manolache | |
| pamarcelot | Pierre-Arnaud Marcelot | Directory |
| bimargulies | Benson Margulies | |
| mmarinschek | Martin Marinschek | |
| jeremias | Jeremias Märki | XML Graphics ; FOP ; Jakarta Commons IO |
| smarru | Suresh Marru | Airavata ; Rave ; Incubator |
| kmarsden | Katherine Marsden | |
| philip | Philip Martin | |
| jm | Justin Mason | SpamAssassin ; infrastructure |
| mattmann | Chris A. Mattmann | Tika ; Nutch ; Lucene ; OODT ; SIS |
| remm | Remy Maucherat | Jakarta |
| norman | Norman Maurer | |
| thommay | Thom May | httpd ; APR ; Infrastructure |
| brianm | Brian McCallister | |
| mikemccand | Michael McCandless | |
| craigmcc | Craig R. McClanahan | Jakarta |
| gmcdonald | Gavin McDonald | |
| rickmcguire | Rick McGuire | Geronimo ; OpenEJB ; Aries ; Mina |
| jmcnally | John McNally | Jakarta |
| kmenard | Kevin Joseph Menard, Jr. | |
| fmeschbe | Felix Meschberger | |
| markrmiller | Mark Robert Miller | |
| kevan | Kevan Miller | |
| minchau | Brian James Minchau | |
| awm | Aram W. Mirzadeh | httpd |
| phred | Fred Moyer | |
| fmui | Florian Müller | |
| acmurthy | Arun Murthy | |
| nash | Simon Nash | |
| bnicholes | Bradley Nicholes | httpd ; APR |
| jnioche | Julien Nioche | |
| gnodet | Guillaume Nodet | ActiveMQ ; Geronimo ; Ode ; ServiceMix |
| stevenn | Steven Noels | Cocoon ; Forrest |
| uncled | David Nuescheler | |
| omalley | Owen O'Malley | |
| ekoneil | Eddie O'Neil | |
| dos | Daryl C. W. O'Shea | SpamAssassin |
| marrs | Marcel Offermans | ACE ; Felix |
| jbonofre | Jean-Baptiste Onofré | |
| orlikowski | Victor J. Orlikowski | httpd ; APR ; BSF |
| jorton | Joe Orton | APR ; httpd |
| johan | Johan Oskarsson | |
| giacomo | Giacomo Pati | Cocoon |
| pauls | Karl Pauls | |
| niallp | Niall Pemberton | Jakarta ; Struts |
| henkp | Henk P. Penning | infrastructure |
| spepping | Simon Pepping | XML Graphics ; FOP |
| asankha | Asankha Perera | |
| hemapani | Srinath Perera | |
| gpetracek | Gerhard Petracek | |
| pietsch | Joerg Pietschmann | |
| cmpilato | C. Michael Pilato | |
| jplevyak | John Bradley Plevyak | |
| rpluem | Rüdiger Plüm | |
| noirin | Noirin Plunkett | |
| reinhard | Reinhard Poetz | |
| brett | Brett Porter | Maven ; Archiva ; Continuum ; Incubator ; board |
| arvind | Arvind Prabhakar | Sqoop ; Flume |
| pquerna | Paul Querna | |
| jeremy | Jeremy Quinn | Cocoon |
| gianugo | Gianugo Rabellino | Cocoon ; Xindice |
| dlr | Daniel L. Rall | Turbine ; Velocity ; Jakarta Commons ; XML-RPC ; Infrastructure |
| pramirez | Paul Michael Ramirez | |
| ajith | Ajith H Ranabahu | |
| dreid | David Reid | httpd ; APR |
| gareth | Gareth Reakes | |
| greddin | Gregory D. Reddin | |
| reschke | Julian Reschke | |
| lresende | Luciano Resende | |
| mreutegg | Marcel Reutegger | |
| arreyder | Christopher R. Rhodes | |
| billie | Billie Rinaldi | Accumulo |
| mriou | Matthieu Riou | |
| rooneg | Garrett Rooney | APR ; infrastructure |
| lrosen | Lawrence Rosen | |
| pero | Peter Rossbach | |
| gregor | Gregor J. Rothfuss | Lenya ; Cocoon |
| wrowe | William A. Rowe, Jr. | httpd ; APR ; httpd-docs |
| proyal | Peter Royal | |
| rubys | Sam Ruby | Ant ; Jakarta ; PHP ; XML |
| clr | Craig L Russell | JDO ; Incubator ; OpenJPA |
| peters | Peter Samuelson | |
| carlos | Carlos Sanchez | Maven ; Archiva ; Continuum |
| wsanchez | Wilfredo Sánchez | httpd ; APR |
| sanders | Scott Sanders | Jakarta ; commons ; Gump ; colo-keys |
| asavory | Andrew Savory | |
| joes | Joe Schaefer | httpd-apreq |
| joehni | Jörg Schaible | |
| sabob | Bob Schellink | |
| thorsten | Thorsten Scherler | |
| jesus | Theo Schlossnagle | |
| cliffs | Cliff Schmidt | |
| henning | Henning P. Schmiedehausen | |
| schof | Sean Schofield | |
| angela | Angela Schreiber | Jackrabbit |
| sascha | Sascha Schumann | PHP ; httpd ; APR |
| sebor | Martin Sebor | |
| yonik | Yonik Seeley | Lucene : Java ; Solr |
| seelmann | Stefan Seelmann | Directory |
| danielsh | Daniel Shahaf | Subversion, Infrastructure |
| yoavs | Yoav Shapira | Jakarta ; Logging ; Tomcat |
| leosimons | Leo Simons | excalibur (VP) ; gump (PMC) ; incubator (PMC) ; wiki |
| vsiveton | Vincent Siveton | Maven ; Shindig |
| cliff | Cliff Skolnick | httpd |
| nslater | Noah Slater | CouchDB |
| zoe | Zoe Slattery | |
| slive | Joshua Slive | httpd-docs ; httpd ; infrastructure |
| aslom | Alek Slominski | |
| psmith | Paul Jeffrey Smith | |
| wsmoak | Wendy Smoak | Struts ; MyFaces ; Shale |
| bojan | Bojan Smojver | |
| bsnyder | Bruce Snyder | ActiveMQ ; Geronimo ; Incubator ; ServiceMix |
| enis | Enis Söztutar | |
| stsp | Stefan Sperling | |
| dims | Davanum Srinivas | XML ; Cocoon ; Axis |
| stack | Michael Stack | |
| uli | Ulrich Stärk | |
| gstein | Greg Stein | httpd ; APR ; incubator ; board |
| psteitz | Phil Steitz | Jakarta ; Directory |
| jon | Jon Scott Stevens | Ant ; ECS ; ORO ; Regexp ; Tomcat ; Velocity ; James ; Jetspeed ; JServ ; Jyve ; Turbine |
| pctony | Tony Stevenson | |
| stoddard | Bill Stoddard | APR ; httpd ; bsf |
| kess | Astrid Stolper | httpd ; httpd-docs |
| jstrachan | James Strachan | Jakarta |
| striker | Sander Striker | APR ; commons ; httpd ; incubator ; infrastructure |
| struberg | Mark Struberg | |
| dain | Dain Sundstrom | |
| amilas | Amila Suriarachchi | |
| pcs | Paul Sutton | httpd |
| taylor | David Sean Taylor | Portals |
| sctemme | Sander Temme | httpd ; Gump ; Labs ; Infrastructure |
| tommaso | Tommaso Teofili | |
| markt | Mark Thomas | |
| jrthomerson | Jeremy Thomerson | |
| mads | Mads Toftum | httpd-docs |
| trawick | Jeff Trawick | httpd ; APR |
| cctrieloff | Carl Trieloff | |
| simonetripodi | Simone Tripodi | |
| grisha | Gregory Trubetskoy | httpd |
| mturk | Mladen Turk | |
| jefft | Jeff Turner | |
| upayavira | Upayavira | Cocoon ; infrastructure |
| shankar | Selvaratnam Uthaiyashankar | Axis ; Stonehenge ; Web Services |
| tv | Thomas Vandahl | Turbine ; DB-Torque ; Jakarta ; Excalibur |
| gertv | Gert Vanthienen | |
| ivaynberg | Igor Vaynberg | |
| evenisse | Emmanuel Venisse | |
| jvermillard | Julien Vermillard | MINA |
| kristwaa | Kristian Waagan | Derby |
| sylvain | Sylvain Wallez | Cocoon ; Avalon |
| keith | Keith Wannamaker | |
| michi | Michael Wechner | Lenya ; Cocoon |
| sanjiva | Sanjiva Weerawarana | ws ; XML ; Jakarta |
| kanchana | Kanchana Pradeepika Welagedara | |
| davidw | David N. Welton | tcl ; libapreq |
| matzew | Matthias Wessendorf | |
| tomwhite | Tom White | Hadoop |
| twilliams | Tim Williams | |
| simonw | Simon Willnauer | |
| mwomack | Mark Dwayne Womack | |
| dwoods | Donald Woods | |
| woollard | David Matthew Woollard | |
| hwright | Hyrum K. Wright | |
| tonywu | Yue Hao Wu | |
| susie | Susan Wu | |
| bayard | Henri Yandell | |
| geoff | Geoffrey Young | mod_perl ; httpd-test ; httpd |
| blair | Blair Zajac | |
| hadrian | Hadrian Zbarcea | |
| ivan | Ivan Zhakov | |
| cziegeler | Carsten Ziegeler | Sling, Felix, Portals |
| jukka | Jukka Zitting | Jackrabbit |
| andrei | Andrei Zmievski | PHP |
| brane | Branko Čibej | |
| coheigea | Colm Ó hÉigeartaigh | |
| ilgrosso | Francesco Chicchiriccò | Cocoon ; Syncope |
| schor | Marshall Schor | UIMA |
| mgrigorov | Martin Tzvetanov Grigorov | Wicket |
Emeritus Members of The Apache Software Foundation
| Id | Name |
|---|---|
| thies | Thies C. Arntzen |
| ssb | Stig Bakken |
| balld | Donald Ball |
| fede | Federico Barbieri |
| nicolaken | Nicola Ken Barozzi |
| stas | Stas Bekman |
| rbb | Ryan Bloom |
| sboag | Scott Boag |
| ? | Shane Caraveo |
| cholet | Eric Cholet |
| andyc | Andy Clark |
| damonc | Damon J. Courtney |
| duncan | James Duncan Davidson |
| morgand | Morgan Delagrange |
| bdube | Brian M. Dubé |
| rse | Ralf S. Engelschall |
| fanf | Tony Finch |
| pier | Pier Paolo Fumagalli |
| dgaudet | Dean Gaudet |
| andi | Andi Gutmans |
| ask | Ask Bjørn Hansen |
| vhardy | Vincent Hardy |
| ? | Rob Hartill |
| andreas | Andreas Hartmann |
| sterling | Sterling Hughes |
| husted | Ted Husted |
| bhyde | Ben Hyde |
| kawai | Hiroaki Kawai |
| akosut | Alexei Kosut |
| keiron | Keiron Liddle |
| dougm | Doug MacEachern |
| vmassol | Vincent Massol |
| stefano | Stefano Mazzocchi |
| chuck | Chuck Murcko |
| glenn | Glenn L. Nielsen |
| acoliver | Andrew C. Oliver |
| brianp | Brian Pane |
| sameer | Sameer Parekh |
| juergen | Juergen Pill |
| epugh | Eric Pugh |
| quinlan | Daniel Quinlan |
| richter | Georg Richter |
| drtr | David Robinson |
| arved | Arved Henn Sandstrom |
| marc | Marc Slemko |
| glens | Glen Stampoultzis |
| zeev | Zeev Suraski |
| randy | Randy Terbush |
| felicity | Theo Van Dinter |
| rwaldhoff | Rodney Waldhoff |
| rolandw | Roland Weber |
| ? | Andrew Wilson |
| jimw | Jim Winstead |
| jwoolley | Cliff Woolley |
| jvanzyl | Jason van Zyl |
Deceased Members of The Apache Software Foundation
-
Randy Kobes